Later Middle Ages

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Later Middle Ages

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

During the Middle Ages, power in Europe shifted from nobles to

a.	knights and peasants.	c.	kings and popes.
b.	merchants and traders.	d.	monks and priests.

All of the following were duties and powers of popes during the Middle Ages except

a.	deciding when someone was acting against the church.
b.	writing letters called bulls to explain religious teachings.
c.	providing guidance on how to live and pray.
d.	forging treaties with religious leaders of other regions.

Medieval Christians feared excommunication because they believed that

a.	those cast out from the church had to leave their village.
b.	those cast out from the church would not get into heaven.
c.	those cast out from the church could not get work.
d.	those cast out from the church could not own property.

How did Holy Roman Emperors come into power?

a.	They were elected by the empire’s nobles.
b.	They were appointed directly by the pope.
c.	They were elected by the knights and peasants.
d.	They inherited their crowns.

A split in the Christian Church started in the 1000s because

a.	people in western Europe refused to recognize the authority of the pope.
b.	some bishops were selected by kings while some were named by the pope.
c.	bishops in eastern Europe refused to recognize the authority of the pope.
d.	some kings encouraged strict adherence to the faith while some did not.

The Eastern Orthodox Church was founded by those who agreed with

a.	Pope Leo IX.	c.	Saint Peter.
b.	Pope Gregory VII.	d.	the bishop of Constantinople.

As popes tried to increase their power, they came into conflict with

a.	kings.	c.	bishops.
b.	nobles.	d.	invaders.

Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV were in disagreement about

a.	how serfs and peasants should be treated in feudal society.
b.	who should be able to select bishops.
c.	where the church headquarters should be located in Europe.
d.	who could excommunicate people.

According to the compromise of 1122, which list is in order from most to least powerful?

a.	Kings®Popes®Bishops®Priests	c.	Popes®Kings®Bishops®Priests
b.	Priests®Bishops®Popes®Kings	d.	Popes®Bishops®Kings®Priests

10.

Which leader benefited by cooperating with the pope?

a.	Emperor Henry IV	c.	William the Conqueror
b.	the bishop of Constantinople	d.	Charlemagne

11.

Why were the Crusades fought?

a.	to bring the eastern bishops back under the pope’s control
b.	to protect European territory from invading Muslims
c.	to unite the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
d.	to gain control of Palestine, the Holy Land

12.

During the Crusades, Christians fought against

a.	Muslims.	c.	the Byzantine Empire.
b.	Germans.	d.	Orthodox Christians.

13.

Which of the following happened first?

a.	Peasant Crusaders attacked Jews in Germany.
b.	Saladin successfully defended Jerusalem against King Richard I.
c.	Crusaders attacked Constantinople.
d.	Pope Urban II called on Christians to fight the Muslim Turks.

14.

The Byzantine emperor asked the pope for help because

a.	Muslim Turks threatened Constantinople.
b.	tension between Christians and Jews was growing.
c.	Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem.
d.	Europeans had been attacked in the Holy Land.

15.

What was the outcome of the Crusades?

a.	The Holy Land came under Christian control.
b.	The Holy Land remained under Muslim control.
c.	The Holy Land was destroyed and abandoned.
d.	The Holy Land was divided by the two sides.

16.

One reason Christian Crusaders lost the Holy Land was that

a.	they didn’t have the support of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
b.	they didn’t understand the reason for the conflict.
c.	they lacked support from kings and nobles.
d.	they traveled huge distances to the battles.

17.

Which of the following occurred as a result of the Crusades?

a.	Contact between Jews, Christians, and Muslims was peaceful.
b.	Feudalism spread to Asia and Northern Africa.
c.	Trade between Europe and Asia increased.
d.	Kings became less powerful.

18.

After the Crusades, the Byzantines distrusted western Christians because

a.	the Christians had attacked Jews.
b.	the Turks attacked the Byzantine Empire.
c.	the Crusaders sacked Constantinople.
d.	Pope Urban II did not send them help.

19.

What was the most important result of the Crusades?

a.	European kings increased their power.
b.	Popes increased their power.
c.	Muslims and Christians gained respect for one another.
d.	Trade and exchange of ideas between Europe and Asia increased.

20.

In medieval society, markets, festivals, and religious ceremonies took place at a

a.	manor house.	c.	local church.
b.	monastery.	d.	university.

21.

What is a pilgrim?

a.	a person who journeys to a religious location
b.	a person who works to convert people to Christianity
c.	a clergy member who lives with the general public
d.	a clergy member who takes a vow of silence

22.

When in April the sweet showers fall

And pierce the drought of March to the root. . .

Then people long to go on pilgrimages

And palmers long to seek the stranger strands

Of far-off saints, hallowed in sundry lands

And specially, from every shire’s end

Of England, down to Canterbury they wend.

Based on this passage, people go on pilgrimages because

a.	the church makes people go.	c.	the weather is bad.
b.	they like to travel.	d.	there are no religious sites in England.

23.

Where did friars live?

a.	monasteries	c.	universities
b.	villages	d.	churches

24.

Lord, make me an instrument of your peace.

Where there is hatred, let me sow love; where

there is injury, pardon; where there is doubt, faith;

where there is despair, hope; where there is dark-

ness, light; and where there is sadness, joy.

According to this prayer, the goal of friars was to

a.	collect money for the church.
b.	convert Jews to Christianity.
c.	further the political power of the pope.
d.	spread peace and teach Christian values.

25.

Who played the biggest role in creating the first universities in Europe?

a.	Muslim scholars	c.	noble landowners
b.	kings and queens	d.	church leaders

26.

How were classes at Europe’s first universities similar to classes today?

a.	They were taught in English.	c.	Students had to take tests.
b.	They were attended by boys and girls.	d.	Religion was not taught.

27.

Saint Thomas Aquinas argued that

a.	animals should be treated with respect.
b.	human reason interfered with Christian faith.
c.	rational thought could support Christian beliefs.
d.	Christians should respect the beliefs of Jews and Muslims.

28.

Which of the following best explains why Gothic cathedrals were symbols of Christian faith?

a.	They were filled with beautiful objects.
b.	They were towering and majestic.
c.	They were taller than other churches.
d.	Bishops held services there.

29.

Which of the following is a characteristic of Gothic cathedrals?

a.	high ceilings	c.	small altars
b.	plain windows	d.	central domes

30.

Most art and architecture created in the Middle Ages was

a.	inspired by the lives of kings.	c.	created by clergy members.
b.	based on natural law.	d.	concerned with religious expression.

31.

How were the lives of friars different from the lives of monks?

a.	Monks were teachers; friars were not.
b.	Friars were allowed to marry; monks were not.
c.	Friars lived with the general public; monks lived apart in monasteries.
d.	Monks lived in monasteries; friars lived in convents.

32.

Why did nobles make King John sign Magna Carta in 1215?

a.	They wanted to assert the authority of the pope.
b.	They wanted to separate church and state.
c.	They wanted to replace him with a different ruler.
d.	They wanted to limit the king’s power.

33.

What does the right of habeas corpus mean?

a.	One cannot be jailed without reason.
b.	One cannot be questioned without a lawyer.
c.	Nobles cannot have their property taken without payment.
d.	Kings cannot declare war without the support of Parliament.

34.

The English did all of the following to protect their rights except

a.	create a council called Parliament.
b.	abolish the monarchy.
c.	free the court system of the king’s control.
d.	require everyone to obey the law.

35.

What started the Hundred Years’ War?

a.	Muslims invaded Europe.
b.	The Holy Roman Empire split.
c.	The king of England invaded France.
d.	The pope had a fight with the king of France.

36.

France won the Hundred Years’ War because of the efforts of

a.	Pope Leo IX.	c.	Queen Isabella.
b.	King John.	d.	Joan of Arc.

37.

In what way was England different from France after the Hundred Years’ War?

a.	The English king lost power while the French king gained power.
b.	England’s population was smaller than that of France.
c.	English peasants went to cities while French peasants remained in the country.
d.	The English converted to Protestantism while the French remained Roman Catholic.

38.

The deadly plague that swept through Europe in the 1300s was called the

a.	Yellow Fever.	c.	Black Death.
b.	Red Sickness.	d.	Great Flu Epidemic.

39.

From 1347 to 1351, the plague

a.	spread from Europe to Asia.
b.	strengthened the manor system.
c.	stayed confined to western Europe.
d.	reduced Europe’s population by a third.

40.

How did life change for surviving peasants and serfs after the plague?

a.	They began to demand wages for their labor.
b.	They moved from towns to the country.
c.	They had to work much longer days.
d.	They took over the manors.

41.

Which activity helped spread the plague?

a.	farming	c.	trading
b.	fishing	d.	praying

42.

What is a heretic?

a.	a member of the pope’s army
b.	a person who goes to war for his or her religion
c.	a person who owns a small amount of land
d.	a person who disagrees with the church’s teachings

43.

Pope Innocent III caused a 20-year war in France by

a.	calling for a crusade against Jews.
b.	calling for a crusade against heretics.
c.	questioning the leadership of the French king.
d.	questioning the loyalty of the French bishops.

44.

Whose rule in Spain ended in 1002?

a.	the pope’s	c.	Jewish elders’
b.	the French king’s	d.	Muslim Moors’

45.

What happened during the Reconquista in Spain?

a.	Christian kingdoms took back land from the Muslim Moors.
b.	Muslim Moors drove Christians and Jews out of Spain.
c.	Peasants revolted against their king and set up a parliament.
d.	The Roman Catholic Church fought the Eastern Orthodox Church.

46.

The marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand

a.	united France and England.	c.	united Castile and Aragon.
b.	united Moors and Christians.	d.	united Jews and Christians.

47.

The main goal of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand was to

a.	conquer land in France.
b.	make the pope recognize their authority.
c.	end feudalism throughout their territory.
d.	make all of Spain Christian.

48.

What was the purpose of the Spanish Inquisition?

a.	to expel all Muslim spies from the country
b.	to reveal and stop church corruption and waste
c.	to punish and kill heretics and non-Christians in Spain
d.	to find and burn places afflicted with the plague

49.

During the Middle Ages, Jews

a.	were discriminated against throughout Europe.
b.	controlled territory in much of Europe.
c.	had a strong alliance with Muslims.
d.	began several important universities.

50.

Christian rulers punished Jews by forcing them to

a.	fight in wars.	c.	work for Christians.
b.	flee their homes.	d.	tend to the ill.